Currently there is no cure for UC, but the following treatments may help manage the symptoms, according to the American College of Gastroenterology:
- Aminosalicylates: Drugs in this class, including mesalamine and sulfasalazine, contain 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) to help control inflammation. 5-ASAs are the treatment of choice for mild to moderate UC and most patients are treated with this group of drugs first
- Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids suppress the inflammatory process in the colon. They may be used for patients with moderate to severe UC who have not responded to 5-ASA treatment. They are not recommended for long-term use because of negative side effects such as weight gain, acne, facial hair and mood swings
- Immunomodulators: The medications in this class interrupt the immune system, which plays an important role in the inflammatory symptoms of UC. Immunomodulators are usually prescribed for patients who have not responded to 5-ASAs or corticosteroids. These drugs are slow-acting and can take up to six months to reach their full benefit
- Biologics therapies: Biologics interfere with the body's inflammatory response in IBD by targeting particular enzymes and proteins that have already been proven defective, deficient, or excessive in people with IBD. The most common side effects of biologic therapies may include respiratory infections (such as sinus infections and sore throat), headache, rash, coughing, and stomach pain. Some rare, but serious side effects of these therapies have been reported, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, lymphoma and heart failure
- Surgical Options: If drug therapy does not alleviate symptoms, surgery may be necessary to remove the colon and rectum. Approximately 25% to 40% of UC patients have their colons removed
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